Karin Chan

HaCkErS u SHoulD KnoW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">Hackers you should know!</span></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Anonymous</span></h3><div><img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" /></div><span style="color: red;">Anonymous is a group of </span><br /><span style="color: red;">hackers that came about in </span><br /><span style="color: red;">2008 and grew famous for its </span><br /><span style="color: red;">hacktivism incidents. It has no </span><br /><span style="color: red;">leader or controlling party and </span><br /><span style="color: red;">relies on the collective power </span><br /><span style="color: red;">of its individual participants </span><br /><span style="color: red;">acting in such a way that the </span><br /><span style="color: red;">net effect benefits the group.</span><br /><span style="color: red;">When the whistle-blowing </span><br /><span style="color: red;">web site, WikiLeaks came </span><br /><span style="color: red;">under fire, Anonymous </span><br /><span style="color: red;">extended its support to </span><br /><span style="color: red;">WikiLeaks and launched DDoS attacks against Amazon, PayPal, Mas-terCard, Visa and the Swiss bank PostFinance, in retaliation to perceived </span><br /><span style="color: red;">anti-WikiLeaks behaviour. Anonymous called it Operation Avenge Assange. </span><br /><span style="color: red;">On April 2, 2011 Anonymous launched an attack named #opsony on the media giant Sony, in retaliation to the legal action it took against George </span><br /><span style="color: red;">Hotz (or GeoHot), the coder behind a popular tool that allows homebrew </span><br /><span style="color: red;">software to run on the PlayStation 3. Anonymous claimed the attack to </span><br /><span style="color: red;">be a success after it took down the PlayStation Network and other related </span><br /><span style="color: red;">PlayStation web sites. </span><br /><span style="color: red;">The group also hacked the Tunisian government web site to support </span><br /><span style="color: red;">Arab Spring and Department of Justice-managed web sites to retaliate </span><br /><span style="color: red;">against the shutdown of MegaUpload. Anonymous has been in the news </span><br /><span style="color: red;">for its hacktivism since the past two years. </span><br /><img src="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSh1tWDj8dkTqi1mc87yKO4b8gaRfl9EcoSGkUBsWtt1SQ6yr9AGg" /><br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><br /></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;">Jonathan James (c0mrade) </span></h2><div><img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" /></div><span style="color: #20124d;">He was sent to prison for hacking at the age of 16, becoming the first juve-nile to be sent to prison for hacking. He targeted high-profile organisations </span><br /><span style="color: #20124d;">such as the America’s Department of Defence. He created a backdoor that </span><br /><span style="color: #20124d;">enabled him to view sensitive emails and capture employee usernames </span><br /><span style="color: #20124d;">and passwords. He also cracked into NASA computers, stealing software </span><br /><span style="color: #20124d;">worth approximately $1.7 million. He said that he downloaded the code to </span><br /><span style="color: #20124d;">supplement his studies in C programming but the code wasn’t well written </span><br /><br /><span style="color: #20124d;">and definitely not worth the $1.7 million. He committed suicide in 2008.</span><br /><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: x-large;">Kevin Metnick</span></h2><div><a href="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" 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" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><span style="color: #b45f06;">When he was just 12, he used social engineering to bypass the punchcard </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">system used in the Los Angeles bus system. Later he used social engi-neering as his primary method of </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">obtaining information, including </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">user names and passwords and </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">modem phone numbers. He </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">was convicted for hacking into </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">multiple systems of the Digital </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">Equipment Corporation to view </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">Virtual Memory System (VMS) </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">code which cost it $160,000. At </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">the time of his arrest, he was the </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">most-wanted computer criminal </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">in the United States. Kevin also </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">admitted to stealing software from </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">Motorola, Novell, Fujitsu, Sun </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">Microsystems and other compnies, in addition to altering the </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">computer systems of the Univer-sity of Southern California. </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">After serving his sentence, </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">he decided to mend his ways. </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">He started Mitnick Security </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">Consulting and is now turning </span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;">a profit as a white hat.</span><br /><span style="color: #b45f06;"><br /></span><span style="color: #b45f06;"><br /></span><a 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" 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" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #4c1130; font-size: x-large;">Stephen Wozniak (Woz)</span></h2><div><img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" /></div><span style="color: #cc0000;">A white-hat hacker, he was also </span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;">called the other Steve of Apple. </span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;">Along with Steve Jobs he co-founded Apple Computers. He </span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;">started hacking by making blue </span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;">boxes – devices that bypass telephone-switching mechanisms to make free </span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;">long-distance calls. He and Jobs researched frequencies, then built and sold </span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;">blue boxes to their classmates in college. He came up with the preliminary </span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;">Mac, and Jobs had the bright idea of selling the computer as a fully assem-bled PC board; thus creating one of the most important breakthroughs in </span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;">computing technology. He no longer works for Apple and devotes his time </span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;">and money to philanthropy.</span><br /><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #45818e; font-size: x-large;">Ankit Fadia</span></h2><div><img 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" /></div><span style="color: orange;">India’s very own ethical hacker who shot to fame after authoring The </span><br /><span style="color: orange;">Unofficial Guide to Ethical Hackingat the age of 15. He’s an independent </span><br /><span style="color: orange;">computer security consultant and also advises the government on mat-ters of cyber security. Faida has also led several investigations pertaining </span><br /><span style="color: orange;">to national security and cyber terrorism. He’s currently pursuing his </span><br /><br /><span style="color: orange;">Bachelors in Computer Science with specialisation in Information Secu-rity at Stanford University, USA.</span><br /><br /><b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">THESE WERE THE TOP IN THE WORLD .STAY TUNED FOR MORE . WAITING FOR YOUR PRECIOUS REPLY</span></b><br /><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>

HaCkErS u SHoulD KnoW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Hackers you should know! Anonymous Anonymous is a group of hackers that came about in 2008 and grew famous for its hacktivism incidents. ...

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How The Web Works

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #073763;">The Internet is not a single network. It is a vast, earth-span-ning network of networks. As you’re reading this, dozens of<br />networks and PCs are in the process of hooking themselves<br />up to this international network, extending it almost infinitely.<br />You might just be pining, craving, desperately wishing that<br />somebody would come forward and explain how this whole blessed<br />system works. And that signifies the first step towards geekhood—<br />and if you read on, this chapter could expedite the process.</span></h3><h2><span style="color: #073763;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue;">The Structure of the Internet:</span></h2><div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #660000;">Webs In General:</span></h3><div><b>Spiders made webs before we did, you know. At first, a spider</b></div><div><b>makes a bridge line—the first thread that connects two solid</b></div><div><b>points, like two branches or walls or trees. He then reinforces this</b></div><div><b>thread with a few more threads. This primary line is what holds</b></div><div><b>the entire web together. He then proceeds to make a Y-shaped radi-al—a framework—and then the spokes that constitute a web.</b></div><div><b>If you thought it was just some bright copywriter’s idea to call</b></div><div><b>the Internet a “web,” think again. There are some remarkable sim-ilarities between how spiders make their webs and how the</b></div><div><b>Internet takes shape. The primary resemblance is what is known</b></div><div><b>as the Internet “backbone."</b></div></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #660000;">The Central—But Not Really Nervous—System</span></h3><div><img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" /></div><div><b>Akin to the spider’s bridge line is what is called a “backbone,” a</b></div><div><b>super-fast network that goes all across the world, usually from one</b></div><div><b>metropolitan area to another. Mega- ISPs run these lines that can</b></div><div><b>transport data at approximately 45 MBps (on T3 lines) and are linked</b></div><div><b>at specified interconnection points (called “national access points”</b></div><div><b>and sometimes known as “regional nerve centres”). All regional net-works are connected to each other by high-speed backbones, which</b></div><div><b>are basically connections</b></div><div><b>that can transport data at</b></div><div><b>very high speeds. When</b></div><div><b>data is sent from one</b></div><div><b>regional network to</b></div><div><b>another, it is first sent to</b></div><div><b>the above-mentioned NAP</b></div><div><b>which in turn routes it to</b></div><div><b>a backbone. The ISP that</b></div><div><b>connects your computer</b></div><div><b>to the Internet is a local</b></div><div><b>one that uses routers to</b></div><div><b>send and receive data via</b></div><div><b>this backbone.</b></div></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #660000;">About A Router</span></h3><div><img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" /></div><div>A router (the “rou” in “router” rhymes with “cow”) is an electron-ic device which comes in a little box, and which connects one net-work with another (for example, a Local Area Network with a</div><div>Wide Area Network). Routers do most of the task of directing traf-fic on the Internet by sending the request from your network to</div><div>another while simultaneously preventing other unauthorised</div><div>users to access your network (this latter task is done with the help</div><div>of a firewall, a software program that intercepts and filters</div><div>unwanted packets of data that are either trying to enter your net-work or access the resources of your network). A router examines</div><div>each packet of data that travels across the Internet, figures out</div><div>where it is headed, and “routes” it towards its destination in the</div><div>most efficient way possible. Usually, the packet of data goes to</div><div>another router and another, and another—until it reaches the</div><div>destination. Each router that a packet of data passes through to</div><div>reach its destination is considered a “hop.” A router must depend,</div><div>however, on gateways. </div></b></div><div><span style="color: #073763;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #073763;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #073763;"><br /></span></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #073763;"> </span><span style="color: #660000;">Gateways And Bridges</span></h3><div><img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" /></div><div><b>Just when you—finally—figured out that “windows” aren’t some-thing you open to let fresh air in, these computer guys tell you to</b></div><div><b>start using “gateways,” too. And you got it right this time—a “gate-way” is not something you open to let people in.</b></div><div><b>A gateway is a network point—a node—that acts as an entrance</b></div><div><b>to another network. It is basically a device that allows the</b></div><div><b>exchange of data by translating between the protocols of two dif-ferent networks or computers on the connected networks. In the</b></div><div><b>case of your residential connection, the gateway is your ISP.</b></div><div><b>Gateways are different from Bridges in the sense that a bridge only</b></div><div><b>links LANs together, sending data to another LAN while keeping</b></div><div><b>local data within its own network.</b></div><div><b>Along the way, the data we transact—apart from passing</b></div><div><b>through several routers, gateways, and backbones—is also depend-ent on an indispensable device called a Server. Servers are of dif-ferent types, and they perform several important functions.</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #660000;">Servers</span></h3><div><img 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" /></div><div>A server is basically a program that runs on a machine and pro-vides a specific service to all machines that are connected to it. The</div><div>server has a specific set of programs that allows the connected</div><div>computers (called clients) to make different kinds of requests to it. </div><div>Think of a server as a waiter in a restaurant standing by to give</div><div>you all he can accommodate on a tray. If, however, he doesn’t have</div><div>the item you wish to consume, he re-routes your order to another</div><div>waiter (with different goodies) who happens to be waiting at</div><div>another table. This other waiter passes on the object of desire via</div><div>other waiters so it finally ends up on your plate.</div><div>A Web server is a machine that hosts Web sites and allows</div><div>Internet users (clients) to access these sites. A Web server is basically</div><div>the kind of server that holds static companies and just waits around</div><div>for requests to come around from other machines on the Internet.</div><div>Once it receives a request, it allows access to the data requested. </div><div>Web servers are the principal part of the Web, and every URL you</div><div>request usually ends up at a Web server—unless a proxy server decid-ed that it can help speed up the process by sending you the data itself.</div><div>❍ A file server is a machine that keeps files and allows clients to</div><div>upload and download them from it.</div><div>❍ A proxy server sits between a client application, such as a Web</div><div>browser, and a real server. It intercepts all requests to the real</div><div>server, sees if it can fulfil the request from any of the recent</div><div>requests, and if it can’t, forwards the request to the server that</div><div>actually hosts the Web site. </div><div>❍ A groupware server is software designed to enable users to col-laborate, regardless of location, via the Internet or a corporate</div><div>intranet and to work together in a virtual atmosphere.</div><div>❍ Mail servers move and store mail all across the Internet, and you</div><div>have been “served” by one when you’ve checked your mail.</div><div>❍ A chat server allows you to interact with other users on the net-work in real-time.</div><div>❍ Integral to the process of sending data across the Internet is the</div><div>Domain Name Server (“the DNS”). </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #660000;">The Process Explained—Roughly</span></h3><div>To give you a rough sketch of a smooth process, this is what hap-pens when you log on to the Net and type in a URL. The browser you’re using—Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Seamonkey,</div><div>or anything else—is called a client, which sends a “request” to</div><div>access the URL you typed in (say www.yahoo.co.in) to your ISP. The ISP</div><div>forwards the request to another (like a file on the table of a typical</div><div>government office goes to another table) through the vBNS (the</div><div>Very high-speed Backbone Network Services) and so on, until it</div><div>reaches the target where the destination is stored—in this case, the</div><div>Web site you requested. This “host” computer, or “Web host,” sends</div><div>back the packet of data you requested through much the same</div><div>channels in much the same way, hopping routers on the way, until</div><div>it reaches your ISP. The ISP then sends the data down to your com-puter and the Yahoo! India homepage appears on your screen.</div><div>Simple? No. Actually, mucho, muchocomplicated. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="color: #660000;">The Process Explained—Toughly </span></h3><div>We’ll now try to figure out how the Web works by digging a little</div><div>deeper and see what exactly happens to get your favourite Web</div><div>page on your screen.</div><div>Let’s say you typed in the URL of a Web site. The Uniform</div><div>Resource Locator, for your convenience, is in letters and numbers,</div><div>in recognisable words, so that you can identify and recall it at will.</div><div>The computers aren’t human… yet. So, out of our deep sympathy</div><div>for the dumb machines, we humans have conceded to talk to com-puters in their language, which is nothing but the language of</div><div>numbers. Computers converse with each other in the language of</div><div>zeroes and ones—“bits.” If all computers used this binary language</div><div>in random ways, exchange of meaningful data would be impossi-ble. To ensure a shared language between two computing</div><div>machines, we created “protocols.”</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #660000;">Protocols</span></h3><div><img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" /></div><div>A protocol is a set of rules that enables the exchange of information</div><div>between two computers, regardless of whether they run on differ-ent operating systems. These rules strictly state the format and pro-cedure to be followed while transmitting data between two com-puters or two networks. A protocol basically gives the “grammar” to their “speech.” Certain key protocols you should know about are:</div><div>TCP:Transmission Control Protocol, used for the reliable trans-mission of data over a network. </div><div>IP: The Internet protocol is the set of rules that dictates how</div><div>exactly packets of data should be transmitted over the Internet.IP</div><div>standardises the way machines over the Internet (or any IP net-work) forward or route their packets based on their IP addresses.</div><div>HTTP:Hypertext Transfer Protocol, used for transmitting and dis-playing information in the form of Web pages on browsers. This is</div><div>the language used when your Web browser talks to the Web server. </div><div>FTP:File Transfer Protocol, used for file transfer (uploading and</div><div>downloading) over the Internet. Both FTP and HTTP are based on</div><div>TCP/IP. FTP is still often used as a means of downloading large files.</div><div>SMTP:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, used for e-mail.</div><div>Ethernet: Used for data transmission over a LAN (Local Area</div><div>Network). </div><div>Wi-Fi:The wireless version of Ethernet.</div><div>Of all these protocols, in order to understand how the Internet</div><div>works, what we really need to know is the IP and the TCP.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="color: #660000;">TCP/IP</span></h3><div><img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBhQSEBUQEBQWFBUWGB8YGBgYGBkYFhkeGx4XGBUYHhsYISYeHh8jGhgXIC8gJScpLS0vFyAxNTAqNSYrLSsBCQoKDgwOGg8PGjQkHyUwLCwvLCkqMC0sNjQtLDIwLCwsLC00LCwsKSw0KSwsLDAsLC0vLCwsLCwsLywvLCwpMv/AABEIALoBDwMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAcAAABBQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwQFBgcCAQj/xABQEAACAQIDAwUJDgQEBAUFAAABAgMAEQQSIQUTMSJBUVORBhUWMjRhcZLRBxQXI1Ryc4GTlLGy0tMzQmShJIKzwzVEUsFDYoPw8WN0orTh/8QAGwEAAQUBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgf/xAA8EQABAgIECgkCBQUBAAAAAAABAAIDEQQSITEFExRBUVJhkaHRFUJTcYGxweHwMjMGIjRigjVykrLx0v/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8A2rEY6OMgSOiX4ZmAv213BiFcZkYMOlSCO0VDd1uEw+5aabDQ4iRQEiEkaPd3YJGl2BsGkZR9dPdhbGTCwLBGFAGpyqEDMxu7ZV0F2JNhoOA0FCFUvdUx8sYwwilkjzM9927oTYLa5QgniaoPfnEfKcT94m/XV3913/lfnSfglZ7XXYJgQn0ebmgmZvAWXSnuESQKd9+cR8pxP3ib9dcSbenW2bF4gXNhfEzC5PAC76nzU3qG2pKryMhzchOSVR3s7ag8gGxUBT/nq/GgwIbZ1G7goGPe43lWTvziPlOJ+8Tfro784j5TifvE366gJMazjDlGybwnNoCRZGJGvOGH9vqriTESCQQh9d4Bnyrcq0cj24WzArxA6NKYW0bNDGYXDOJ+qWcTW4lWB9uTjjisQLkDXEzDU6AePxJoTbk54YrEGxI0xMx1GhHj8QaruLkYERs2bLLCQxABIZ+BtYXBU8AOIruHFO53YbKTJKMwAuFjawAuLX1GpB4Gmyo9aWLG4aZJZvlOtxVh784j5TifvE3668O2sR8qxP3ib9dQc8zKuUyEnMQMiBpCLAgWtlBF9Ta1rcL0wZ3d0RndSk4UEiPNrEzgmwK3Go05m1F+A8UdtmKE7BcEDGHrcSrUu3Jze2KxBsbG2Jm0OhseXxsR21135xHynE/eJv11Xzi3LtGGsTMUDWByqIlkPmvxte/HzVzisTIgeMPcjdFXKi9nkyEEAAHgeAHH66WrRgCcWLJ9UZsyScTW4lWLvziPlOJ+8Tfro784j5TifvE366hsO7LM0TMXGQOCQoIuzKRyQBbQU+qdlHo7xPFjcEwxHjrHenffnEfKcT94m/XWudweJaTZ8DyMzsQ12YlmNncC5Op0A41jFbH7nf8Aw2D0N+d6xMNQYcNjCxoFuYSVyhvc4mZUztVysErKbERsQRxBCmxrC4dtYkqpOJxOoH/MTdHz63LbHk030b/lNYDh/EX5o/AVHgSEyIYldoN14npTqY5zasjpT/vziPlOJ+8Tfro784j5TifvE366aUV0WSQNQbgqGNfpO9O+/OI+U4n7xN+ujvziPlOJ+8TfrppRRkkDUG4Ixr9J3p335xHynE/eJv10d+cR8pxP3ib9dNKKMkgag3BGNfpO9O+/OI+U4n7xN+ujvziPlOJ+8TfrppRRkkDUG4Ixr9J3p335xHynE/eJv10d+cR8pxP3ib9dNKKMkgag3BGNfpO9O+/OI+U4n7xN+ujvziPlOJ+8TfrppRRkkDUG4Ixr9J3p335xHynE/eJv11a/cz2lM+MdJJpZF3LGzyyOLh4wCA7GxsT21Sat3uW+XP8AQN+eKs7CdHhMor3NYAbLgNIU9GiOMQAn5JaXtLZgm3eZiBHKsthblFLlQbjhex015Ip7TfHY+OFDJPIkSDizsFUektYV1hMYkqCSJ1kRtVZGDKfQRoa41a6oPuu/8r86T8ErPL1ofuu4VJPeqyKri8hswBF7JrY1nnePD9RF9mvsrrsEPeKPIAXnP7KhHg13zmi9JwxBb2/mYsfSf/5YegCk8Zg8JFbeRRLmvb4oEm1r+Kp6RXWFwGEkBMcULW4/FqCOi4IuK0ccS6UhP+72UOS7eCa4nZt2TLcKHZ2s1iCyMLj/ADEH6zXk+ywd2ASbPnZixznkOoN+m5XsqR7x4fqIvs09lHePD9RF9mnspmLnP8ot292zYn4k63D3TUbOS1iWJzK5Ym7EqQVufqGlB2clrAsDmZwwNmBYktY/WdKdd48P1EX2aeyjvHh+oi+zT2U6r+wb/ZJiDrcE0bZqWABYEEnMGOe50Y357/8AYdArk7JTWxcEsHzBjmzAZc1zzkEg07k2PhlF2hhA0Fyic5sObnJArrvHh+oi+zT2UlWfUG/2RiDrcE2fAIc3HlPnuDYhrBQQRw0H49NcjZyZSCWJJUlibsShDLc9Fxw9NLybLwozXhh5IzEbtSQNdbAX5j2Up3kw/URfZr7KW8/QN/sjEHW4JLcDebz+bLl81rlvxNK3o7x4fqIvs09lHePD9RF9mvsqQPeLmjf7JuTfu4IvWye53/w2D0N+d6xvvHh+oi+zX2VsnueIBs2AAAABgANAAHewrDw05xYysM+n2Cs0eFUJtUvtjyab6N/ymsBw/iL80fgK37bHk030b/lNYDh/EX5o/AUmAL4n8fVR07q+KUooorp1moopLDYlZFDocyngfRoeNK0gIImEpEkUUUlHila1je+YDQ/ymzdhpCQL0SStFFFKkRRSa4hSFINw3ikag6E8R5gaUoBBuSoooopUiKt3uW+XP9A354qqNW73LfLn+gb88VZmFf0j/DzCs0X7o+ZlbNurNJtOCOIRjJh5ZEeUM6K5eFC2RSuZghIHKFhI2utjIdyzD/EIY0SRJyJt3mEbu0cUm8UN4uZHQkf9WbUnUvNrbETEBcxdHW+SSN2jkXMLNZl5jpcG4NhpoKV2ZsxIEyRg6ksxZizsx4szNcknpPQBwAFcMtlUv3VeOF9Mn4JVFq7e63iFT3qzsqC8guxCjgmlzWe9+IOvi+0T211mCXtbR5E5yoH3pttN3GIgMahmtLoWyDgl9bH8KTx6yCKfENZH3JVQrFrZc7Zs1hrc6WGlvPTp9o4YsrmaLMt7Herpmtm/m8won2jh3RkeaIqwII3qC4Oh4G9WnBpLjXFt1o0S701NcaXV1hXfOCrOxV1VybqLZmIsBe9l6RzVw7zlApD+ORlEkazMuUEcpTa4JN9QSLH0usVjMLJbPLEbagiVVYcxsysCNOg0mZMJkybyGwObSUBrni2YNmvrxvemOaCTJ9nfwuSpq2Pc5YUExN3zC6JMLBCqlmIHB75gbkAeeunkmsiMZI7zqoJZGkylGJBKkg6jifN0U4MmEy5N5Fa+a++Ga/DNnzZr20ve9epNhAABLDyWzj41ScwBGYktcmxtrem1DneN/wA80JltCM2khLyFUkgKkuc3LdQQW4kC1xfgfQKVxzNaQxtM26BGbeKqKVQGxvcueckg8acy4nCtnzSxHOAG+NXXL4vBtCOkWpNjgydZIjoAQZgQ1gACwLWY2A1NzQ5gtk4b9pl5jciaZzXvPOHcP70V9GIUErNzeYi46Dc1IpG0sjgyOgQqFCG3FVYsf+rVrWOnJ4UnI+EbQyxeJu/4wF1sRlNm10JsTqL6V1iJsI5u0sV7W0mC3HQcrDMNTob8ac1oHWG++/nwQm+Dled0zO6AwKxCHLc52GbThcC+nMRUjsfEF4VZjc8oE9OVmW+nOQKTTH4YNnEsIOUJpIlsoNwLXtxow+0MMi5UmiAFzbeqeJLHi3STUkKTDMvBvz90vVIVIVq/uf8A/DoP83+o9Y534g6+L7RPbWxe544OzYCCCCGII1B5b2N6zMMva5jZHOnw71L7Y8mm+jf8prAcP4i/NH4Ct+2x5NN9G/5TWA4fxF+aPwFLgC+J/H1VWndXxSlMtrykRFVBLPyAFF218YjzhQx+qntcNECwYjVb281+NdHEaXNLRnWe0yM1HYGezyIEeMMM6hgBqAFe1if/ACH6zSWDZliglMjuXyBgTcHMNbDmI4357G96lZYQ1iRqL2PRcEH+xprs7ZSxqlwMyqBe5IuAAxAOgvrqACb1VxLwQBttuzj38FJXEkzwTMIYJjI7M+QMCbqQ1gdOYi978eSb0nBiWQIVuR/iWK/9RV2Kj/300/2dslY0S4GdVAuCct7WJAOgJ11sDrTiPBICpA8XNbU6Zzd+00xtHiVRbKwZ55wT5JS9sz80prEpUJI0zcoXYNqp5Jbkj+W1r6cwPppmHfNEbyhZGClmcDMGVjdUXxDpcEWIqUh2fGhuq25uJIAPEAE2Uei1cx7KjUghdVN1uzHLbhludB5hpTnQIhAAs8Ts87dHmkD2qN2VdIcLZmOc6gsT/wCHIco81wDbppVHYRJiM7FmyErfkEOygqF5rZuPHk89P4tnotsotlYsNWIBIKm1zoLE6cNeFeLs2MNnC63uNTlB5yFvlB1OoFDaO9rQ31OgCfA70piAmajXdxHLNvHukrhRfk2EmXKRzi3ZzWqcNINgkKMluSxLEXOpJzE9PHWl6mgwnMvOYb7Z+iY5wKKt3uW+XP8AQN+eKqjVu9y3y5/oG/PFVXCv6R/h5hS0X7o+Zlo22e6GHChTOxXOSFCpJIxIFzyY1Y6DntS2ytrR4iPewlityOUjxm448mRVb+1Ru2tkGfExFcW0DJFIAsYiMrBmhu4MocBRkUGyfz8RexX7nsa7b+KRt4YJt0JCAC43cUoJC2XMN5kNgBdL2HCuGWyoPu/iDSYYMARaTQgEf+H01XPeUfVp6q+yrN3d/wAXDeiX/bqv1vUADFeKidekfeUfVp6q+yj3lH1aeqvspair1UaE1MsWIYlDOi6mwAjzMSeACqCSdDwHMaRwWIglOUR5WAvlkhMbWva4DqLi/OOkdNebaRWaFS7RSZiYpAFIDBSCpDaHMjNyba2PCwqI23jJ4Lq5jkfdsUkVd08S54lkLXLgAq18wHFOBtUD31STKwfPliVWX3jH1aeovso94x9WnqL7KrYgliLaphlaKQk++ZJzcLdZQroDyTxIPBvRRhi0RKsrQGWJysizNiISQucyWflgqBcG1je1ySKMYM4+fNMkSVhlwsaqW3SmwJsIwWNtbAAXJ6AONdLg4yL7tPUF/wAKqUztDDJmR0MuHlyyJiGmikYRM+ez8tTZSQwFtbXNxUnhcMs8jrOz2iSIoBIyWDIGaXkEG+fMtze2T00giAmUkSU37xj6tPUX2Ue8o+rT1V9lVjZyHEywidnYHCsxs7KHtMFRzkIvdbN/mqa7nZS2HGYliryJcm5ISWRFuTqTlUa05jw83fPhQnvvKPq09VfZR7yj6tPVX2UtRU1UaEiR95R9Wnqr7KvHcOLYGMDTV/8AUkqm1c+4nyGP0yf6klZmEQA1qexSO2PJpvo3/KawHD+IvzR+ArftseTTfRv+U1gOH8Rfmj8BVzAF8T+PqqdO6vilKKKK6dZqKKKKEIooooQiiiihCKKKKEIooooQird7lvlz/QN+eKqjVu9y3y5/oG/PFWZhX9I/w8wrNF+6PmZaTtbYcOJAEyk5fFZWeN1vxyvGVcXsL2OttaXwOAjhQRxKEUXNh0nUkniSTqSdTSzuFBZiAALknQADiTTPYm2osXAuIgJaNiwUkEXyM0baHXxlNcMtlVX3SdoRwvhnmcIvxgub2vaPTT0Gqh4W4Tr0/v7KvndkfjsP82X/AGqiM56T21s0MuEKxPbBDxOarXhbhOvT+/so8LcJ16f39lWXOek9tJ4rEsiFlV5CP5VIzHUDTOyr59SOFW6z9I3e6dkw0qtYjulwTqUklidTxDAkH6iKRwe2dnQgrE8KA8Qq2vx46a8T21M7P7omlkZBh8QuR8jsxhyqcqvrllJPJZToDxqWDnpPbTQ5zrbNyBRxpVPwe2NnREmJoIy3HKtr9g4eajCbX2dES0TQRk8Sq5SfNovDzVcM56T20Zz0ntNL+bZuRkw0qmRbR2YubIcOucFWslswOjKbLwI5q7xW19nS5d60D5PFzLe3mFxw81XDOek9tGc9J7TR+a6zcjJxpVWHdLgs2ffR5guW9jfLcHLw4XANq9h7p8EgypNGouTYXtdiWY8Ockn66tGc9J7TSGL2iseTOx5brGvE8ptF+rz0Vni2Y3e6MmGlQPhbhOvT+/so8LcJ16f39lWXOek9tGc9J7adWiaRu90ZMNKrXhbhOvT+/srSO4SUNgImU3DZyD0gySEHsquZz0ntqz9xnkafOk/1ZKz6cXFommuhVM6f7Y8nm+jf8pr51h2xCFUbwcBzHo9FfRO2vJpvon/Kao2FY7tNT4o5/MKfguO+EX1ZWyv8VC6jCPeZSWZd+YesHYfZR35h6wdh9lajmPSe2jMek9tbOXRtm480zoxmsVl3fmHrB2H2Ud+YesHYfZV6xvdE0cixnD4hs7FEKmHK5Cs+l5QQMqMdQOFSeHxBZQzBkJ4qxGYeY5SR2E0gwhFNlm480dGs1isy78w9YOw+yjvzD1g7D7K1HOek9poznpPbS5dG2bjzR0YzWKy7vzD1g7D7KO/MPWDsPsrUc56T2mjOek9tGXRtm480dGM1isu78w9YOw+yjvzD1g7D7K1HOek9poznpPbRl0bZuPNHRjNYrLu/MPWDsPso78w9YOw+ytKwO0VmQSRsSpLAcR4rMh/uppfMek9tAp8Y2iW480dGM1isu78w9YOw+yrr7kmNSTHSZGDWga/H/ri6anMx6T2097nD/jh9BJ+fD1Tp1KiRIDmulKzzG1ObQWwjXBuT7uwnlLRQrhp54Gu0253RLBSMsJ3kicljqx1uFy/zG3Pub4ovgmLRvHbE4nR8oJviJmPiMw0LFT50a1xYm00lhsKka5Y1CLctZRYXYl3OnOWYk+cmuaUirHdn/Gw/zZf9qoipHu/xgjkwzMHYWkFkjeRv/D/ljBNtONrVW/CGPq8T90xP7dbFDc0Q7SrcL6VJ0VGeEMfV4n7pif26PCGPq8T90xP7dWsY3SpZLjuf/jYv/wC6/wBnDVXdl4aGPZuFO7jJmyBmkYpGSFkZTKw8ZRYhVOlyo0qxrt6IXIixIubm2ExIudBc/F6mwAv5hXB2zDk3e4nyWtl954jLboy7u1vNURDdIz8U2qqrMq7rGwq0RQe9DaBSkSlprPl5R10W7C2oGgIqW2ngo4Zp4ov8Oj4NncxrwKyAbzKupOVmBPEgnXhaU77w2tuJ7WAt7yxFrA3UfwuAOoHMa77/AEV826xN7Wv70xN7cbX3d7X1tTA1ukfJ80lVVLaLqmGxMYjwwL4d2z4R/iyFK6vHwVjm0a5JsRUpjgiMe9uTOYJmfdm5NlG5Zst7ybzgW5Ru3Gne0MRBLBLAsWIjEoIYpgpwdefSPU+mnqbciBYrDiFzHMbYPEC5PObR6nzmgNE7wiqVG4VMMs2FOBKZ3fllDdniyOXaW2pIbd6vrmI6ah8LsfD978BK8URzSw7x2VTdSWBzM38vAWOlrCrTHtqFSSsOIUsbkjB4gEnpJEev114dsQlN2YJ8lrZfeeIy26Mu7talLWnOPn/EVVLoBYWta2luFuavaix3Qx9XifumJ/br3whj6vE/dMT+3U9dulPkpOrR3GeRp86T/Vkqh+EMfV4n7pif26vPcRJmwMbC4uZDqCp1kkOoOoPmOoqhTXAtEioI1wUjtryab6J/ymqLhf4afNH4Cr3tnyab6N/ymsww3dAmRfi8T4o/5XE9A/8Ap02guArTOhJBzqYoqM8IY+rxP3TE/t0eEMfV4n7pif260cY3SrElztj+Pg/p2/8A18RTabBJJtMGRVbJhlZcwvY757MAeccx5uanLbeiJBMWJJGovhMTobEXHxemhI+s0d/or5t1ib2tf3pib242vu72vzUwlpzi+abJVVpY/iJ4/e8bNPFYC74shpVEgkkJBBsSGBBHN0Gl8ZgYxhcfico30eImZJLcpCrKRlP8vntx571P99oLsdxPdvGPvLEXa3C53WtrDjXR21CQVMOIs1yw954ixJ4kjd6389RVG6wSVFBbbVExGIlPveXI2YrIxhxUdlUgQya3WwutgLkkX414RhmOOknyrKJCyZiBKl4ISmQcQ+bTk63AHRU7JtmFmDNBOWXgTg8QSPQTHcfVTbC4yFHkcxYli8plBODxF0JSOMhTu7jSMa+egtE7wiqmsKQu8nfPd7xUiIEhACrukMjR5rWO93t2XXkjzUlsbAifEQ++0EjDBIbSDNrvZMrEN/NltqRcEmpmXbMLEFocQxU3F8HiDY9IvHofRXXf6K+bdYm9rX96Ym9uNr7u9r62p1Vs7wlqpp3EYeNMLaNUVs8gcKFBuJZQoa2twtgL81WColNtxKSVhxALG5IweIBJ6TaPU+c134Qx9XifumJ/bqRjmtaBMJQJBSdPe5vy4fQSfnw9V/whj6vE/dMT+3Ut3G7RWXHclZVtBJ/Eili4vBw3irfhzcNOmoaU9phEA/JpkT6SrdtXbe5ZY0iknkcFhHHkvlXKGYtIyIoBZRq1zfS9K7J2smIj3kdxZmRlYWdGQlXRhrYgjpIOhBIINN9t7VhS0M8xg3ikrJm3Y5JW4Eh5IbW9uJAJHA0x7iABDKiNvIknYRzGxMwIR3kZho53rSIXHjZL1iqmk+6v+Ph/my/7VMKf91f8fD/Nl/2qY1q0X7a2qF9peUV7RVlXFF4rbqx4qPCsp+MQsH/lBzBVU/OJsD02HPS6bRBxLYbLqsSy5r6HO0iWt5t3e/nqKx+EWXaG7cXVsGwPMR8dGQQeYg2IPMQDUJtDfvJi49TKmFhRiELbxRNMzsqgjNnhJ5II1JWoS8gquYjgfH0Vum23AsUk29RkiBzlXU2I/lOtgx4AHnIrvZm1Y8RGskTqwKhrBlYrfmOUmxuCPSp6Kp8UAmMm7xEM5GHlQpBhd2NV5KO2dgCGylUIvx4a0vvQMNhpcNY72EYRinAOwGRjbhkfeA9Bc0giGaQRXTtuVwGIUhSGWz+KbizXBIt06AnTmFc4fGxuWWN0cqbMFZWKnoIB0Ppqmvs+UpPhoQw95xSpDx1MwJiynpWDkX6XqQgmw8k+FGBC3jZt5kTLkj3bgxvoMpLmKytrdb20NOEQpwin58zKVk2/HvYYo2WTesVurqcnxbzKSBfRlXThxvUikgJIBBKmxAIJBsDY9BsQfrqh4TAn3rslcOwhd1PLCAkE4WUlrc51PHnPPVm7lWAw4iybuSMlJVuSc/FnzHVg9w4Y6kMOe9DHkm1LDeSZH5YpiivaKlUy8qc7j/JF+fJ/qyVCVN9x/ki/Pk/1ZKpUy4LOp/0hPdteTTfRP+U1UcL/AA0+aPwFW7bXk030T/lNVLC/w0+aPwFNofW8EygXu8PVKUV7RV9ai8qPwe2UcyhrR7uZoeUwGYqquSL25iTb/wApNSFUg4dXmCuoZe+rkgi40wzkaHzgVG9xEpKKI4tlJWTH90cEUSzNIhR3VFYOmU5mC3BvYhb5jbgFJ5qdttGIFAZIwZNUGdbvfUZdeVp0XqobTiVXxd1URpisHIdBlUXgMr9AGUXJ6BrTfF23mIEuIw8Yla8YfCmVpIii7rdMJBmAW4yqLgg9OrDEIUZiuB+beSvL42MOI2dA5sApZQxJzFRa99QrW6cp6DXMG0InbKkkbNlDWV1Jyng1gb2PTwqC2HhP8bLvOW6YbCjOy2e/+IzGxuVJIBIvUbsvCImE2SyIqsZIrkABjnhlL3PHXnp1cp2MN8vk5K4+/Y95us6by18mZc9unLe9vPammytvw4hpUidWMTlCAykmwU5gFJ5Nza/Spql4aBsghlxMSYjeXKDCFsTnz33itvLsCbHeWy5TzC4qy9zORZ8ZHyVk98M+WwDZGWLI3zSQbHzGkbEJISNiucQrBRXtFTKwvKX2J5cv0Ev58PSNLbE8uX6CX8+HqCk/bPzOq1L+yfDzVrxGHV1KSKrqeIYAg/UdK7VbCw0FRm19qSxsseHw7TuwLatu4lClQc0hB5RzaKASbHgBeldi7XXExlwpRldo3QkEo6HK6kqSDrqCOIINZCwlW+7/AGluJMM+7kk0kGWMKW13RvymUW06ecVWvDL+kxfqRfu1ZPdC/iYb/wBT/bqs1MyO5gkF0WDqPjINaZFp0Lrwy/pMX6kX7tHhl/SYv1Iv3a5pHGT5I3ktfKrNbpsCbf2p+VRFfNEAE6x4ck48Mv6TF+pF+7R4Zf0mL9SL92oTD4/FGMSmKFlKhsqSPvLEA2GZApNua49NOZNv4dQpaVFzqGW5sbMLgkcw85pcqiKMQGETrkd4A9FJ+Gf9Ji/Ui/drzwy/pMX6kX7tRXhBF7597ZhmyB7301ubeqM178DS+E2xDKxSKVHYa2BubdI6R5xSZVESijwzYH7MyfeGX9Ji/Ui/do8M/wCkxfqRfu0xxGOKzxQ2BEgck84yBSO3N/alcRPlKC6jO+XUkE8lmsthqeTwNtAaXKoiXJm2/mNndy2pz4Zf0mL9SL92jwy/pMX6kX7tR8O3IHcRrKhY3sAdSQSCPTodOOlc4XawKyNJZBHK0d78cpAH1knhSZVESZOzX8lJeGX9Ji/Ui/do8Mv6TF+pF+7XNFGVRFJkY1jw5Lrwy/pMX6kX7tXvuIlzYGN7FcxkNmtmF5JDY2JFx6TVCq+dw/kMXpf/AFJKjiRnRLCsnCkDFsaZztUltkf4ab6N/wAprJIPdHhCKNxidAB4kfR9JWt7Y8nm+jf8pr50j8UegUsKI5k5KxgChNpZiVnESldLPPTNXP4SoeoxPqR/uUfCVD1GJ9SP9yqdRVjHvXT9Bw9d3Dkrj8JUPUYn1I/3KPhKh6jE+pH+5VLnmCKXY2AFyf8A4ryTEKq5yeTprx4kAcPORRj3ppwNBE5xDZb1btN1yuvwlQ9RifUj/cr34SoeoxXqR/uVTa5EoJKg6i1x0Xvb8KMe9KcCQhfEPDkrn8JUPUYn1I/3KPhKh6jE+pH+5VOoox70vQcPXdw5K5fCVD1GK9SP9yj4SoeoxPqR/uVTSa5ilDKGXUEAj0HUUY96ToSFOWMPDkrn8JUPUYn1I/3KPhKh6jE+pH+5VOoox70vQcPXdw5K4/CVD1GJ9SP9yp7uF7pUxeOOSOVMkD33gUXzPBa2Vm/6fNWYVdvck8uk+gb88VRxIrnNkVm4VwUyBRHxA8mUr5aRsV+7q+7CLB5I3kjSWW+QysFjUC2Z2N72FxZRqx0FtSHXcrJA2GBwsqzqWYtKpBzuSWlYkaXLEmw0F7DQVL2oqquGVL90L+Jhv/U/26rNTPusbRMHvZwhk1kFgQvEJrdtOb+9UDwyb5M/2kdLIrrMFB2T2NJtNzSfIKzU12qpMEoAuTG4AHE8k2qD8Mm+TP8AaR0eGTfJn+0jokVpua4iVV3+LuSdbO26ogjREleRY1GTcyrcgAWzOoUa85NqYQYd4V97kyrlRVUQx33xCKGJlKECzXUAlbBR00r4ZN8mf7SOjwxb5M/2kdEiq5o8QgTDrP2OSGDV0WL4sszYBY1VlYqXQEmN9LD/ADWvwpWIs+JwzZp5ArPmLxbqNLxSAALkU8dL6jz6iuvDJvkz/aR0eGTfJn+0jokU0UVwkJOzdV2ZPNsziPE4eRg2UCUEqjvYkR5bhATrY9lGIxYmfDNEHIXEcq8ciW+Km1s6g2uRrw1pn4ZN8mf7SOjwyb5M/wBpHRIqQwYhJ/KZEg/Q7NLkvcNhmGCiXKQffKsRY38quWt83W/R5qQhwTpK2JIZ1TEy3jK8FYgb5Ba5Ycb68ksB51vDJvkz/aR0eGTfJn+0jokUzJTZ+V1gHVdm8FZqKrPhk3yZ/tI6PDJvkz/aR0SKtSfqO/xdyVmq+dw/kMXpf/UkrHfDFvkz/aR1r3ufS5tnQNa2YMbcbXkc2uKJLDwyDUbMEW5wR5qW2x5PN9G/5TXzpH4o9Ar6L2x5PN9G/wCU186R+KPQKcxX/wAKfVG/j6rqiiipF26Z7Z8nk+aaa7S5CFP5WZSvm5all/7j6+ipSWIMpVhcHQivJoFYWYXFwfrGoNCo0ijOiFxBkS2Q4znstUTI8jNIQp5LEAiXKFtwuvA9Ot+NEeHJeZhcPlRhZmIzWJtxsRcW9BqSlwEbNmZQT+Pp6frrv3uufPblWtfzUigyFxdNxnbPgRO6wiek3XqNbaBuZFN1YZUHNmABX6yWYf5aUhgzF1Z3+LsosxH8qnObcSSTxvwp8MKtgMosDmA6Dqb9pNczYJHILKCR0/gekeY0J+SxL3EHPK2Vt+nPaO5R+FcyMGcsPiUawJAuS+th6OHCvNkSMd2r3UCJSgB0bQBiTzkacnmuD6JTci5a2pFvqFyB/c14MMtlFvE8XzWFvw0okhlDe0tdWmROe20X/L0pRRRSrSRV29yTy6T6BvzxVSau3uSeXSfQN+eKmuuWLh7+nxPD/YLS+6HbowsRkyPK5uEjQEs5AJtfgoABJZrAAfVS2wtonEYWDEEBTLEkhA1AzqrWBPppTaikwSgC5MbAAak8k0x7joWTZ2ERwVZcNECrAhgRGgIIOoIPMaiXl6p/uyeLhvnP+CVmVab7sni4b5z/AIJWZVKy5ekfhv8AReJRRRRTl0SaSSSGUohVQFU6qWJzFxzMP+mkpNoso5WW4lCMRexBANwON7Eaa611JgQ8zMwa2RQCGZdbyX8Ui/Edte4rC2EaougkUm3pNyfbSLMeI1VzhZac5Oeyy4eB80smOQi9yLEA3UggmwFwRccRrXUuLVTYnUAHgTxJA4cSSDp5qbthS0koIOVkVQftL29FxTaKMyRGRlJZmB5JswC8m6n05mHTmoTjSIwslbbmPVJH/neU9OOUrmBtZgDmVri5AAKmxF78fPevXx6BspPPYmxKgm1gWAsOI4mmO6kKEcsrmjK5wM+jgtw5gAOOvGlxmXNHkLFmYgmxSzG+uvNe1vNQmikxTbKVmg3zNkgc8rDzCXO0UBtc8bXytlve1s1svHTjXWHnLNID/KwA9VG/FjUXjIXZXUrIWvpY2jsGuLAHXk8xub1JYWMh5SRxcEecZEH4g9lCdCjxXxACLJ6CMzrD3SCcUUUUq0V7W4e51/wzD+hvzvWH1uHudf8ADMP6G/O9MeuQ/FX2ofefJTG2PJ5vo3/Ka+dI/FHoFfRe2PJ5vo3/ACmvnSPxR6BSMVf8KfVG/j6rqiiipF26abSYjd261f8AvSL7Rcbxsq5I2IOpzEAAkgWtfWneKw2fLrbK4bs5qRbZ90lS/wDELG9uGYAfXwoWdGZGruMP0zAyv2pvFjXTfNJlyq9hqRqQlhc6Aa8fOa9G2dG1jYhGcZHzDki9jzj/AOaXbZ5JkGbRyGGnKVhlsb3sRyQbWofBuyuruvKUqMqWGotc3JPYRSKGpSm2NJz6DnO3RKSbM0ryxZgoWxewZuYx8bWBIvw4amlG2oQ4DZNWC5Q95Bc2FwBbn6e2nS4blo1/FQr6blDf/wDH+9Nl2awVUzjKrKwsupykNyjfXhxAFCUwo7CSycyZ5tA7tvJKDFuSWRAUBK8eUbHKxAtbQg6X5qbttxQS2aPKDa2cbzQ2vl/vbj+FOPeTC6h7ISWtblanMQGB4E35r614mCZeSrgJe/iXYXNyAb2tx4ihOcKV1Sdv0m3ZaLO8z4p7RRRSrURV29yTy6T6BvzxVSau3uSeXSfQN+eKmuuWLh7+nxPD/YLX6KKKiXl6qvd33ISY5YhG6IYyxOYE3zADm9FVD4H8R18PY9azTDa23oMMFOIkCZjZRqWPC9lUEkC4ubWF9aWZC0aPhOlUZmLhPkO4eoWa/A/iOvh7Ho+B/EdfD2PWi4zuow0UaSvMmST+GQc2caXKhLkgXFzwF9acYfbEMjiOORXYxiYZTcGNiQrgjQgkHnorFWOnaf2nBvJZl8D+I6+Hsej4H8R18PY9X6Du0wjznDLMN4HMdirgZ1JUoGKhS1wRYGpiWZVUuxCqoJJJsABqSSeAAorFHTtP7Tg3ksnl9xqdgVaaEg8RZ69X3HcQBYTQgDmyvWo7P2gk8SzRNmRtVNiL6kcGAPNTmiZTem6dOeMt/tbyWTfA/iOvh7Ho+B/EdfD2PWs0UVindO0/tODeSyb4H8R18PY9HwP4jr4ex61DaO0o4IzLO6xoCAWY2UFiFW585IH115JtSJZlw5kUSupZUvyiq+M1ugdNFYo6dp/acG8lmHwP4jr4ex6PgfxHXw9j1rNN8FtCOUM0TBgrtG1r6MjFHXXoYEfVRWKOnaf2nBvJZd8D+I6+HsetE7l9kNhcJFh3YMyAgkAgG7M2l/TT3B7Qjlz7tg2R2ja19GXRl16KcUEzVSlYQpNKAEZ05bAPIBIY3D7yJ4wbZlK36Lgi/wDessX3HcQABv4fVetaoonJNotOj0SeJdKd9gN3fPSsm+B/EdfD2PR8D+I6+HsetZoorFXenaf2nBvJZN8D+I6+Hsej4H8R18PY9azSOLxSxRtK5sqAsxsTYDU6C5P1CisUdO0/tODeSyz4H8R18PY9HwP4jr4ex6vez+7nBzB2jnGWMXdmV0VbHKbs6gXzG1r3vS3hfhNw+J3y7tCocgMWUsQqAoBnBJIsLa3orFHTtP7Tg3ks++B/EdfD2PR8D+I6+HsetEwfdRhpYjNHKCodYzowYM5VUUqQGBJZbXHPTfFd3GDjEReYWmQSx2V2zIbWfkqbDUam1FYo6dp/acG8lQ/gfxHXw9j0fA/iOvh7HrVoZldQ6EMrAFWBuCDqCCOIIruisUdO0/tODeSyb4H8R18PY9HwP4jr4ex61miisUdO0/tODeSyb4H8R18PY9WHuI7gpcFiGmklRw0ZQBQwOrI19fm/3q8UUTKhj4WplIhmHFfNpzSHfmCKKKKRZiKru0hJBjDihDJOjwrFaLIXjKPIxOVmW6uJBcg6boXHPViooQqCmzZ4Ssz4ee7tM6thmiaaDfS7wwMrnIyMBGxIzAOra2sS+7nNmYhMYks8Sx/4FEbdgCMSb2RmUW0vYgm2lybE1cKKELPcF3N4hW3rmZ4u+MsjYb4sLlM7PBOtlznK+7kKl9RcgaBTHbW2FtCR8ar71g8WJFgH3ciMsvvWNScSUBBMeiwqdCCSCS2p0UIWVT7A2gkhSLfBBHaOxldRHuQGiLNiQA5kzWvEzZrENYAK927sXGjD4NITNlENpApkeYTtuyHYjEQnQ59SzKut1ta2kUUIWdYLYmOU70NKMQ2JxClmdzDkMExibdZigT3wIiLC44XtRiNnYo4Erh48XE28QzrNK0skgCsJt3lxCvq+Um0iZgDbjY6LRQhUmTY08uy4YJw8jnEwsysCHEQxUbkMDJIeTEOd2Nhqb3qI2dsPHHERTMhSZIZ8Osj2KjdxQxwSEX8V5t89ug1ptFCFmybNxeQ2ixgg+L98RNMxxErDfe+GifekhSTCTlZQwUhQOeMOwdoqSIhNGhmnaIDM7o7zzMskhXExqQY2j5T71dDca8rXKKEKA7kMC8QxW8UrnxczrfnVmBVh5jU/RRQhFFFFCEUUUUIRXhr2ihCpEGxJxhid2xaPaUuJEV1BlTfystsxtfKwkW5GqrqKW2/FPi8M7RYdoGaTC5GZUM/xeIjkd2QEjKguwUtfx9Bpe40UIVQHcvIMVC0rtiCziWaUqqKBh1cYaMIosPjJs9+PIOugFRGxO5vGBsBkdsLu9nJFI27STlBo7xWfQNoTfXhWjUUITTZOzEw8EeHjvkiQItzc2UWBJ6ad0UUIRRRRQhFFFFCF/9k=" /></div><div>Every device, every computer, that is part of the Internet, is allo-cated an address, called an Internet address, or Internet Protocol</div><div>address (IP address). However, it isn’t like our home address or any-thing because, as we mentioned earlier, computers only under-stand numbers. So the IP address is a series of numbers.</div><div>The current protocol is called IPv4. Each IP address is actual-ly just four numbers each ranging from 0 to 255 (each of which</div><div>is called an “octet”) and separated by decimal points (called</div><div>dots). IP addresses are, therefore in the format xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx</div><div>where each xxx could be any number from 0 to 255. So an IP</div><div>address could look something like 161.184.138.36. This address</div><div>is essential during every exchange of data on the Internet,</div><div>because it identifies the client computer (which makes the</div><div>request, and to which the data must be sent) and the destination</div><div>computer (to which the request must reach). Nothing, therefore,</div><div>can happen on the Internet unless your computer is first assigned an IP address.</div><div>Say you’ve specified the IP address of a Web site you wish to</div><div>access. A server usually has a static IP address. However, your home</div><div>PC, if you’re connecting to the Internet through a modem, is usu-ally assigned a different IP address by the ISP each time you dial</div><div>in. This IP address is unique to you as a user, but only for as long</div><div>as the session lasts. The reason for this system is that ISPs have to</div><div>deal with a large number of requests at the same time. Besides, at</div><div>any given time, the number of users of the ISP server is limited. To</div><div>assign permanent IP addresses to retail users wouldn’t really be</div><div>required; instead, ISPs simply allot any IP address that is not being</div><div>used at the time to each user who has just dialled in. This system</div><div>enables the ISP to get along with fewer IP addresses for the num-ber of users who are connected simultaneously.</div><div>TCP breaks down and reassembles packets of data. IP ensures</div><div>that the packets are sent to the right destination. The TCP/IP com-bination is used because the Internet is a “packet-switched net-work.” In a “circuit-switched network,” in contrast, once a connec-tion is made, that specific part of the network is exclusively used</div><div>only for that connection. In a packet-switched network, the con-nection between the sender and the receiver is not single and</div><div>unbroken. When information is sent, it is broken into small pack-ets and sent over many different routes at the same time and then</div><div>put together in order at the other end once the packets of data</div><div>reach the destination. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #660000;">How TCP/IP works</span></h4><div><img src="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRSN-F7WsJtCx8YFi16QDvAhvf_8QlqaCOe4BNlrYm8g5cwKU70" /></div><div>Data sent across the Internet is broken up into packets of less than</div><div>about 1,500 characters each. Each packet is given a “header,”</div><div>which holds the information needed to put the packets back in</div><div>right order again. To each header is adder a “checksum”—basical-ly a number that checks whether the precise amount of data in</div><div>the packet has been received or not. Each packet is put into what</div><div>is called an IP “envelope”—a packet of data with a common address</div><div>and other specifications. Once the packets go through the routers</div><div>to their destination, TCP, at the receiver’s end, calculates a check-sum for each packet and then compares it with the checksum that was sent in the packet. If these don’t match, the computer figures</div><div>that the data has been corrupted en route, discards the packet,</div><div>and requests the sender to re-send the packet. TCP then assembles</div><div>them into their original coherent form to allow the receiving</div><div>computer to make sense of it.</div><div>None of this would be possible, however, without a DNS server</div><div>acting as mediator.</div><h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="color: #660000;">The Domain Name System</span></h3><div><img src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS13k2Tt2YTWcvB2h_SdBjxqNwl0W-YpnQ8LZSTjv2TkTNxyZmd-A" /></div><div>Most of us would find it considerably difficult to remember hun-dreds of strings of numbers of all the sites we visit. So, for humans,</div><div>the address is in letters (the URL). The domain name is the root</div><div>identifier of a Web site on the Internet.</div><div>When you want to contact a location on the Internet—say a Web</div><div>site—you’d type in an address like www.yahoo.com. IP uses (a) the</div><div>Internet address information and (b) the Domain Name System to</div><div>understand and deliver your mail or request from one computer to</div><div>another: the letters www.yahoo.comare translated into an IP address,</div><div>which is, in this case, 87.248.113.14. In fact, if you typed in</div><div>http://87.248.113.14, your screen would show you the Yahoo! site, and</div><div>you would make the job a microsecond faster and a trifle easier for</div><div>the computers. This translation is accomplished by the DNS server.</div><div>Before we understand what the DNS server does, let’s get a grip</div><div>of how the DNS works.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="color: #660000;">How The Domain Name System Works</span></h3><div><img src="https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRCCvgRdU5wbHa2N6LgTc-Vn_xsQ_GFWcGP9Yb66c9fXXvcWuh16Q" /></div><div>In order to make efficient and hassle-free the translation from the</div><div>plain-English www.yahoo.com into numbers that computers can</div><div>understand, the Internet has been organised into a number of</div><div>major domains. Major domains are represented by the letters at</div><div>the end of the English address. These are called top-level domains</div><div>(TLD) or zones, and they are either two or three letters long. The</div><div>three-letter zones indicate the type of organisation that owns the</div><div>domain, that is, whether it’s a commercial institution, ISP, non-governmental organisation of academic establishment, etc. All</div><div>Internet domains are registered with private companies called</div><div>Internet Registrars, in co-ordination with the InterNIC (InternetNetwork Information Center). You probably are most familiar with</div><div>the .com TLD. Here’s a list:</div><div>In October 1998, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names</div><div>and Numbers (ICANN) was formed, and took over the task of managing the domain names and other responsibilities that were ful-filled by the InterNIC. ICANN announced on November 16, 2000,</div><div>the following seven new gTLDs:</div><div>Besides, additional two-letter domain names have been</div><div>assigned to identify domains belonging to particular countries (outside the US)—.au, .in and so on.So that was it .Awaiting for your precious reply</div></div><div> </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></b></div><div style="color: #073763;"><br /></div></div></div>

How The Web Works

The Internet is not a single network. It is a vast, earth-span-ning network of networks. As you’re reading this, dozens of networks and PCs ...

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